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LC

U̳n̳d̳e̳r̳s̳t̳a̳n̳d̳i̳n̳g̳ ̳L̳e̳t̳t̳e̳r̳ ̳o̳f̳ ̳C̳r̳e̳d̳i̳t̳ ̳f̳o̳r̳ ̳I̳n̳t̳e̳r̳n̳a̳t̳i̳o̳n̳a̳l̳ ̳T̳r̳a̳d̳e̳ ⚖️ In global trade, trust is essential — but distance and unfamiliar partners create risk. That’s where a Letter of Credit (LC) plays a vital role. A Letter of Credit is a bank guarantee that ensures: ✅ The exporter gets paid once documents meet the agreed terms ✅ The importer pays only when shipment conditions are fulfilled Key principle: Banks deal with documents, not goods. 💡 Why LCs matter: * Reduces payment risk for seller they have fixed in their PO Terms * Builds trust between trading partners * Enables smoother cross-border transactions Risks and Limitations * Strict compliance required — small document errors can delay payment. * Bank fees can be high. * Does not guarantee actual product quality. * Banker will review only the document ,not in quality of goods.
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𝐈𝐃𝐏𝐌𝐒 𝐎𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐏𝐚𝐲𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐞

  𝐈𝐃𝐏𝐌𝐒 𝐎𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐏𝐚𝐲𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐞  Import Data Processing and Monitoring System (IDPMS – RBI) is a mandatory system to monitor import payments under FEMA. Step-by-Step Flow: Step 1: Import shipment received → Importer files Bill of Entry (BOE) on ICEGATE Step 2: BOE data transmission → Customs system auto-transmits BOE data to RBI-IDPMS Step 3: BOE appears in AD Bank IDPMS → BOE reflects as Outstanding Import Bill Step 4: BOE mapping → AD Bank maps BOE to importer’s account Step 5: Document submission → Importer submits BOE, Invoice, Packing List, BL/AWB → Bank verifies and links documents in IDPMS Step 6: Import payment → Remittance made through AD Bank Step 7: Payment matching → Bank matches remittance with BOE in IDPMS Step 8: BOE closure → BOE marked CLOSED upon full payment Step 9: Overdue monitoring → BOE becomes overdue if payment not completed within prescribed time Step 10: Extension / Write-off (if ap...
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New Income tax form for TDS & TCS under Income tax Act 2025 :

  New Income tax form for TDS & TCS under Income tax Act 2025 : 1. Salary Return Form 24Q (Old) : Form 138 (New) 2. ⁠Non Salary Form 26Q (Old) : Form 140 (New) 3. ⁠Non Resident TDS Form 27Q (Old) : Form 144 (New) 4. ⁠TCS Form 27EQ( Old): Form 143 (New) 5. ⁠TDS Certificate Salary Form 16 (Old) : Form 130 (New) 6. ⁠TDS Certificate Non Salary Form 16A (Old) : Form 131 (New) 7. ⁠Form 16B (Property)/16C( Rent individuals and HUFs (not subject to tax audit)/16D (Contractor/Professional Payment)/ 16E (VDA) : Form 132 (New) 8. ⁠TCS Certificate Form 27D (Old) : Form 133 (New) 9. ⁠Lower Deduction Certificate Form 13 (Old ) : Form 128 (New) 10. ⁠TAN Application form for Government Entity Form 49B(1) : Form 134 (New) 11. ⁠TAN Application form other than Government Entity Form 49B(2) : Form 135 (New) 12. ⁠Challan Cum Statement Form 26QB (Immovable Property)/26QC ( Rent )/26QD (Contractor/Professional Payment)/26QE (VDA): Form 141 (New) 13. ⁠Form 26QF ( Quaertly Statement of Tax Deposit- VD...
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Key GST proposals in Finance Bill 2026

Key GST Proposals in Finance Bill, 2026 – At a Glance The Finance Bill, 2026 proposes several practical and taxpayer-friendly amendments under GST, focusing on valuation clarity, faster refunds, export competitiveness, and dispute resolution. Key highlights: 1️⃣ Post-sale discounts – Section 15(3), CGST • Condition of “prior agreement” for post-sale discounts removed • Credit note u/s 34 permitted if recipient reverses proportionate ITC • Significant relief for trade discounts / year-end incentive schemes • Reduces valuation-related litigation 2️⃣ Credit notes – Section 34, CGST • Explicit statutory linkage between credit notes and revised valuation u/s 15 • Aligns discount, value reduction, and ITC reversal into a single framework 3️⃣ Refunds – Inverted Duty Structure – Section 54(6), CGST • Provisional refund (up to 90%) extended to inverted duty refunds • Major cash-flow relief for sectors with higher input GST than output GST 4️⃣ Export refunds – Section 54(14), CGST • T...
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IND AS 115 – Revenue Recognition

  IND AS 115 – Revenue Recognition 🎯 Top Interview Q&A for CA / CMA / Finance 📘 Core Concept Questions 🔹 1️⃣ Core principle of Ind AS 115? 👉 Recognize revenue when control of goods/services transfers to the customer. 🔹 2️⃣ Five-step revenue recognition model: 1️⃣ Identify the contract 2️⃣ Identify performance obligations (PO) 3️⃣ Determine transaction price 4️⃣ Allocate transaction price 5️⃣ Recognize revenue when / as PO is satisfied 🔹 3️⃣ What is a performance obligation? 👉 A distinct promise to transfer a good or service. 🔹 4️⃣ When is a good/service ‘distinct’? ✔ Customer can benefit independently ✔ Separately identifiable in the contract 🔹 5️⃣ What is transaction price? 👉 Consideration expected for transferring goods/services. 🔹 6️⃣ What is variable consideration? 👉 Amounts subject to change due to: ✔ Discounts ✔ Rebates ✔ Bonuses ✔ Penalties 🔹 7️⃣ Methods to estimate variable consideration: ✔ Expected value method ✔ Most likely amount method 🔹 8️⃣ ...
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Bill of Entry

BOE stands for Bill of Entry ⚪It is a mandatory customs document filed by an importer or customs broker when goods arrive in India from a foreign country. 🔹 What is the purpose of BOE? The Bill of Entry is filed to: *Declare imported goods to Customs *Assess and pay customs duty *Get clearance of cargo from customs Without BOE, imported goods cannot be cleared from the port/ICD/CFS. 🔹 Who files the BOE? *Importer *Authorized Customs Broker (CHA) It is filed electronically on the ICEGATE portal. 🔹 When is BOE filed? *After IGM (Import General Manifest) is filed by the shipping line *Before delivery of cargo 🔹 Key details mentioned in BOE: *Importer & exporter details *Invoice number & date *HS code (Customs Tariff Heading) *Description & value of goods *Country of origin *Duty applicable (BCD, IGST, etc.) *Port of discharge 🔹 Simple Import Process Flow Arrival of Vessel → IGM Filed → BOE Filed → Duty Assessment → Duty Payment → Customs Clearance → Cargo De...
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𝗘𝗫-𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞𝗦 (𝗘𝗫𝗪) 𝗦𝗮𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗚𝗦𝗧

  𝗘𝗫-𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞𝗦 (𝗘𝗫𝗪) 𝗦𝗮𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗚𝗦𝗧 – 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝗺𝗯𝗶𝗴𝘂𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗲𝗱 Even after eight years of GST implementation the ambiguity related to the compliances of EXWORKS Sales is still unsettled. Few states it was advised by some tax professionals that the Supplier should charge CGST+SGST for ExWorks sales (even though the recipient is in different state) because the title transfer of the goods ends at Suppliers gate. Let us discuss and get clarified the correct procedures. Many businesses follow EX-Works terms, but GST compliance often goes wrong on two key points: 🚚 1️⃣ 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝘀𝗵𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗘-𝘄𝗮𝘆 𝗕𝗶𝗹𝗹? ✔ Goods are moved in relation to supply ✔ Hence, E-way Bill is mandatory (if value > ₹50,000) 👉 It can be generated by either the Supplier or Recipient as per Rule 138. In case if both the parties didn't generated the EWayBill then the Transporter can generate EWayBill as per Rule 138(3). ⚠...
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